Polymorphic malware is a type of malicious software that can change its code, structure, or encryption patterns to evade detection by security tools like antivirus programs and intrusion detection systems.
It continuously mutates while keeping its core functionality intact, making it harder to identify using traditional signature-based detection methods.
How Polymorphic Malware Works?
1. Self-Modification – Each time it replicates or executes, the malware alters its code or encrypts itself differently.
2. Obfuscation Techniques – Uses junk code, rearranges instructions, or modifies encryption keys to change appearance.
3. Multiple Variants – Since the malware constantly mutates, each version looks unique, bypassing security tools that rely on fixed signatures.
Types of Polymorphic Malware
• Polymorphic Viruses – Infects files and changes its signature each time it spreads (e.g., Storm Worm).
• Polymorphic Trojans – Disguises as legitimate software but mutates to avoid detection (e.g., banking Trojans like Zeus).
• Polymorphic Ransomware – Encrypts user files while changing its code with every attack (e.g., Locky ransomware).
• Polymorphic Worms – Self-replicating malware that spreads across networks while altering its structure.
How to Defend Against Polymorphic Malware?
• Behavior-Based Detection – Focuses on suspicious activities rather than signatures.
• AI & Machine Learning Security – Identifies evolving threats based on patterns.
• Frequent Security Updates – Ensures antivirus and endpoint protection tools stay updated.
• Zero Trust Security Model – Restricts access to limit the spread of malware.
Since polymorphic malware constantly evolves, traditional security tools struggle to detect it, making advanced cybersecurity solutions essential.