The Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is a powerful feature that allows developers and enthusiasts to run Linux environments directly on Windows 10 and Windows 11, without the need for dual-booting or resource-heavy virtual machines. WSL supports a variety of Linux distributions, enabling users to choose the one that best suits their needs, whether for development, testing, or cybersecurity. This blog provides an overview of the major Linux distributions officially supported by WSL as officia August 2025, along with short descriptions of each. These distributions are available through the Microsoft Store or can be installed via command-line tools like wsl --install.
To see the full list of available distributions, you can run the command wsl --list --online in PowerShell or Command Prompt. Below, we highlight the key officially supported distributions and some notable community-supported options, based on recent information.
Officially Supported WSL Distributions
1. Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu is the default and most popular Linux distribution for WSL, thanks to its user-friendly interface, extensive documentation, and strong community support. Developed by Canonical in collaboration with Microsoft, Ubuntu on WSL offers seamless integration with Windows, including support for Snap packages and GPU acceleration. It’s ideal for beginners and experienced developers alike, providing a stable and versatile environment for coding, testing, and deploying applications.
Why Choose It?: Great for general-purpose development, with robust documentation and frequent updates.
Installation: Available via the Microsoft Store or by running wsl --install -d Ubuntu.
2. Debian
Description: Debian is a stable, reliable Linux distribution that serves as the foundation for Ubuntu. It uses the apt package manager and is known for its rock-solid stability, making it a great choice for users who prioritize a dependable environment over cutting-edge software. Debian on WSL is lightweight and well-suited for developers familiar with Ubuntu who want a more minimalist experience.
Why Choose It?: Perfect for users seeking stability and familiarity with apt-based systems.
Installation: Available via the Microsoft Store or wsl --install -d Debian.
3. Fedora Linux (Fedora 42)
Description: Fedora, backed by Red Hat, is a recent addition to the officially supported WSL distributions, starting with Fedora 42. It offers a modern, up-to-date software stack with the dnf package manager and supports graphical applications via Flatpak, X11, and Wayland. Fedora on WSL is optimized for developers who want a balance of cutting-edge features and enterprise-grade reliability.
Why Choose It?: Ideal for Red Hat enthusiasts and those needing a modern, RPM-based Linux environment.
Installation: Install via wsl --install -d FedoraLinux-42.
4. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
Description: Red Hat Enterprise Linux is set to become an officially supported WSL distribution in the coming months, as announced in November 2024. RHEL is known for its enterprise-grade stability and security, making it a top choice for professional developers and IT administrators working in corporate environments. It leverages WSL’s new tar-based architecture for easier installation.
Why Choose It?: Best for enterprise users needing a secure, commercially supported Linux environment.
Installation: Expected to be available via wsl --install or tar-based installation; check the Microsoft Store for updates.
5. Kali Linux
Description: Kali Linux is tailored for cybersecurity professionals and penetration testers, offering a suite of preinstalled security tools. On WSL, Kali provides a lightweight way to run these tools directly on Windows, but users should exercise caution, as running network-exposed tools in WSL could pose security risks to the host system.
Why Choose It?: Essential for security researchers and ethical hackers.
Installation: Available via the Microsoft Store or wsl --install -d Kali-linux.
6. openSUSE
Description: openSUSE is a versatile Linux distribution with two variants: Leap (stable) and Tumbleweed (rolling release). On WSL, openSUSE provides access to the zypper package manager and is well-suited for developers who prefer SUSE-based systems. It supports both enterprise and experimental use cases.
Why Choose It?: Great for users familiar with SUSE ecosystems or those wanting a rolling-release option.
Installation: Available via the Microsoft Store or wsl --install -d openSUSE-Leap or openSUSE-Tumbleweed.
7. Alpine
Description: Alpine is a lightweight, security-focused Linux distribution designed for minimal resource usage. Its small footprint makes it ideal for WSL users who want a fast, no-frills environment for running scripts or lightweight applications.
Why Choose It?: Perfect for users needing a minimal, efficient Linux environment.
Installation: Available via the Microsoft Store or wsl --install -d Alpine.
8. Oracle Linux
Description: Oracle Linux is an enterprise-grade distribution optimized for Oracle software and cloud environments. On WSL, it provides a stable platform for developers working with Oracle databases or enterprise applications, with access to the yum or dnf package managers.
Why Choose It?: Best for Oracle developers and enterprise users.
Installation: Available via the Microsoft Store or wsl --install -d Oracle-Linux.
9. Pengwin
Description: Pengwin is a paid, Debian-based distribution built specifically for WSL by Whitewater Foundry. It offers a polished user experience with a full setup process, support for GUI apps, and tools like wslu for enhanced Windows-Linux integration. It’s a great choice for users wanting a premium, beginner-friendly Linux experience.
Why Choose It?: Ideal for users seeking a tailored WSL experience with end-user support.
Installation: Available via the Microsoft Store (paid).
Community-Supported Distributions
In addition to the officially supported distributions, WSL allows users to import any Linux distribution using a .tar file, enabling support for community-driven options. Here are two notable examples:
10. Arch Linux
Description: Arch Linux is a minimalist, rolling-release distribution that appeals to advanced users who enjoy customizing their environment. On WSL, Arch is community-supported and allows access to the Arch User Repository (AUR) for the latest packages. Installation requires some manual setup, but it’s straightforward for experienced users.
Why Choose It?: Perfect for Linux enthusiasts who want full control and the latest software.
Installation: Import via a .tar file or use a community .appx package from GitHub.
11. NixOS
Description: NixOS is a unique distribution with a declarative configuration model and atomic updates, ensuring reproducibility and reliability. While not officially supported, community efforts have made it possible to run NixOS on WSL, though setup is more complex.
Why Choose It?: Great for developers who value reproducible builds and advanced configuration.
Installation: Requires importing a custom .tar file; check community guides for setup.
Key Considerations for Choosing a WSL Distribution
• Ease of Use: Ubuntu and Pengwin are the most beginner-friendly, with extensive documentation and polished setup processes.
• Stability vs. Cutting-Edge: Debian, RHEL, and openSUSE Leap offer stability, while Fedora, Arch, and openSUSE Tumbleweed provide the latest features.
• Specialized Use Cases: Kali Linux is tailored for security tasks, while Oracle Linux and RHEL cater to enterprise needs.
• Resource Usage: Alpine is ideal for low-resource environments, while Arch and NixOS appeal to users who prioritize customization.
• Limitations: WSL is best for development and testing. For intensive workloads or full system capabilities, consider a virtual machine or dedicated hardware.
How to Install and Manage Distributions
To install a distribution, open PowerShell or Command Prompt in administrator mode and run:
wsl --install -d <DistributionName>
Replace <DistributionName> with the desired distribution (e.g., Ubuntu, FedoraLinux-42). To list available distributions, use:
wsl --list --online