How did someone use my debit card without having it?

There are several ways criminals can use your debit card details without having the physical card, primarily through digital theft of your information. 

This is known as "card-not-present" fraud.

Here are the most common methods criminals use to get your card information:

1. Card skimmers: Devices secretly installed on card readers at ATMs, gas pumps, and retail stores can copy your card's data from the magnetic stripe. A tiny camera or fake keypad may also be used to capture your PIN.
2. Phishing scams: You may receive fake emails, text messages, or pop-ups that appear to be from your bank or a reputable company. These scams try to trick you into entering your card number, PIN, or other banking credentials on a fraudulent website.
3. Data breaches: Hackers can infiltrate the databases of major retailers, websites, or financial institutions, stealing a large number of customers' credit and debit card details. This information is then often sold on the dark web.
4. Unsecured online websites: When you shop online, criminals can intercept your card information if the website you are using is not secure. A secure site will have "https://" at the beginning of its web address and a padlock icon in the browser.
5. Malware and hacking: Criminals can use malware to infect your computer or smartphone to record your keystrokes and steal your card information as you type it. Public Wi-Fi networks can also be easily compromised by hackers.

What to do if you suspect fraud

If you notice fraudulent transactions on your debit card statement, you should take immediate action to limit further damage. 

1. Report the fraud immediately. Contact your bank's fraud department as soon as possible via their official customer care helpline or by visiting a branch. They will block your card to prevent any more transactions.
2. File a police report. A police report can be helpful evidence during your bank's investigation.
3. Regularly monitor your account. Continue checking your account for any further suspicious activity, even after reporting the fraud.

How to protect yourself

1. Enable transaction alerts. Set up notifications to be sent to your phone or email for every transaction, so you are aware of any suspicious activity in real-time.
2. Inspect card readers. Before using an ATM or payment terminal, give it a quick visual check. Pull on the card slot to see if anything feels loose or looks suspicious.
3. Use secure connections. When banking or shopping online, avoid using public Wi-Fi networks.
4. Practice good password hygiene. Use strong, unique passwords for all online banking and shopping accounts, and enable two-factor authentication whenever possible.
5. Shop on secure websites. Only enter your payment information on sites with "https://" at the beginning of the web address and a padlock icon in the URL bar.