DNS spoofing, also known as DNS cache poisoning, is a cyberattack where an attacker manipulates or falsifies Domain Name System (DNS) responses to redirect a user from a legitimate website to a malicious one.
The attacker alters the DNS cache or intercepts DNS queries to associate a legitimate domain name (e.g., www.example.com) with a fraudulent IP address, leading users to a fake site designed to steal data, distribute malware, or perform other harmful actions.
How It Works:
1. DNS Query Interception: The attacker compromises a DNS server, resolver, or intercepts a DNS query (e.g., through a man-in-the-middle attack).
2. False Response Injection: The attacker sends a forged DNS response, mapping the requested domain to a malicious IP address.
3. Cache Poisoning: If the DNS resolver or local cache accepts the fake response, it stores the incorrect IP address, redirecting future requests to the attacker’s server.
4. User Redirection: When a user tries to visit the legitimate site, they’re sent to the malicious site, often without noticing.
Example:
• You type “bank.com” into your browser.
• A poisoned DNS cache redirects you to a fake IP address hosting a phishing site that looks like your bank’s login page.
• You enter your credentials, which the attacker steals.
Common Techniques:
• Cache Poisoning: Corrupting a DNS server’s cache with fake records.
• Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks: Intercepting DNS queries on unsecured networks (e.g., public Wi-Fi).
• DNS Server Compromise: Exploiting vulnerabilities in outdated DNS software.
• Local Hosts File Manipulation: Altering a device’s hosts file to redirect specific domains.
Impact:
• Data Theft: Stealing login credentials, financial details, or personal information.
• Malware Distribution: Serving malicious downloads from fake sites.
• Phishing: Tricking users into believing they’re on a legitimate site.
• Loss of Trust: Undermining confidence in online services.
Prevention Tips:
• Enable DNSSEC: Validates DNS responses to ensure authenticity.
• Use Encrypted DNS: Implement DNS over HTTPS (DoH) or DNS over TLS (DoT) to secure queries.
• Regularly Flush DNS Cache: Clears potentially corrupted entries (e.g., ipconfig /flushdns on Windows).
• Secure Networks: Avoid public Wi-Fi or use a VPN to encrypt traffic.
• Update DNS Software: Patch servers to fix vulnerabilities.
• Monitor DNS Traffic: Use tools like Wireshark to detect suspicious activity.
If you’re exploring DNS spoofing for ethical purposes, like penetration testing, ensure you have explicit permission and study it in a controlled environment. For more details on DNS security or specific tools, Please comment!!